Drinking habits or swallowing large amounts of beer or wine appears to remove power. In fact, often heard, alcoholic beverages are used as generating excitement before sex. Many advertisements in various print media advertising of liquor products can give the impression of warm, loving, and sexy.
According to Dr. Eugene Schoenfeld of San Francisco and author of Dr. Hippocrates column in various American newspapers, alcohol is an example of such a drug widely used, but should not be considered simply as a drug. "In larger doses, there was depression and slowing reflexes. Stimulation caused by alcohol actually release the obstacles that exist, "he wrote, as quoted from the book Sexual Nutrition (Sexual Nutirition) written by Dr. Morton Walker.
Dr. Eugene Schoenfeld said, beralkhohol drinking habit causes the liver to produce a large number of enzymes that can destroy testosterone, libido male plant hormones. A study from the university in California showed that most men can not be erection after drinking alcohol three times, each 1-ounce dose. Because alcohol reduces testosterone production, heavy drinking can cause permanent impotence and even infertility in the male tendency.
However, some people with strong personal character can still be an erection while drunk. Sexual research expert, Dr. Sheppard and Dr. CW Gay GR, concluded, by considering the benefit of the doubt in the use of excessive, does not make sense to use a stimulant of materials that contain alcohol.
"Someone who can not react to normal psychosexual stimulation should seek professional help. In general, liquor only disappointment, not on sexual improvement, "Sheppard and Gray writes in his report published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
Still in a report written Shepperd and Gray, said that people who drink alcohol, spirits can rise, but his penis is only up temporarily, his erection was only half hard. The actual impact of alcohol in all its forms, whiskey, wine, and beer, can make the penis flaccid aka sluggish. Getting drunk, getting soft. "
What about women? Some women say, the effects of alcohol can make passion to ride. According to research psychologist Dr. dr GT Wilson and DM Lawson, the women get drunk faster and drunk longer than men. Women absorb alcohol faster and more used to hold the blood than men. As a result, could harm a fetus.
Experiment is called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), fetal alcohol syndrome, which made the experts at the University of North Carolina, said, disruption in the fetus can already occur at three weeks of pregnancy, long before the women was aware she was pregnant.
Monday, 16 November 2009
Sunday, 15 November 2009
Wrinkling alcohol brain?
According to a recent report in The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, as reported by yahoohealth, alcohol drinking habits were contributing to the shrinkage of the brain, particularly the frontal lobes with age. This region is the center of emotion, planning and other noble behavior and is an area susceptible to damage from alcohol.
To test whether the alcohol effect on their brains are not alcoholics, the researchers measured the volume of the frontal lobe more than 1400 inividu 30s to 60 years with an tenik MRI. The older they almost three times more likely to show shrinkage in parts of the brain than those in the age of 30.
According to Drs. Motoo Kubota from Chiba University in Japan, "a lot of alcohol consumption can increase this brain shrinkage, so that this habit should be avoided." The good news is the alcoholic brain damage is not completely irreversible. Those who stopped to restore the brain volume and increase blood flow. The scientists also found that the frontal lobes are shrunk by less than 8% at the age between 30 and 40 years, nearly 16% at the age of 40, 38% at the age of 50, and this figure reached 61% at the age of 60 .
Heavy drinkers doubled likely have brain shrinkage than those who do not drink alcohol, and small consumption does not seem to affect the brain. For ages 30 to 50, drank a lot of risk reduction will double the volume of the frontal lobe of the brain.
The conclusion of this study is that consumption of small amounts of alcohol to moderate does not have a significant influence on the brain, whereas if the amount will be much more encouraging brain shrinkage in middle-aged population. Estimated, the aging process contribute 30% of brain shrinkage, and alcohol consumption by about 10%
To test whether the alcohol effect on their brains are not alcoholics, the researchers measured the volume of the frontal lobe more than 1400 inividu 30s to 60 years with an tenik MRI. The older they almost three times more likely to show shrinkage in parts of the brain than those in the age of 30.
According to Drs. Motoo Kubota from Chiba University in Japan, "a lot of alcohol consumption can increase this brain shrinkage, so that this habit should be avoided." The good news is the alcoholic brain damage is not completely irreversible. Those who stopped to restore the brain volume and increase blood flow. The scientists also found that the frontal lobes are shrunk by less than 8% at the age between 30 and 40 years, nearly 16% at the age of 40, 38% at the age of 50, and this figure reached 61% at the age of 60 .
Heavy drinkers doubled likely have brain shrinkage than those who do not drink alcohol, and small consumption does not seem to affect the brain. For ages 30 to 50, drank a lot of risk reduction will double the volume of the frontal lobe of the brain.
The conclusion of this study is that consumption of small amounts of alcohol to moderate does not have a significant influence on the brain, whereas if the amount will be much more encouraging brain shrinkage in middle-aged population. Estimated, the aging process contribute 30% of brain shrinkage, and alcohol consumption by about 10%
Saturday, 14 November 2009
Do you still tempted by ALCOHOL ???????????????
PROHIBITIONS for humans to drink wine or alcohol for a very bad result, has been known since ancient. In fact, every religion in the world helped them forbid it among its adherents.
Some countries are aware of the negative impact of alcohol, banned the use of alcohol as alcohol. However, many new products and technologies are more advanced, constantly being created. Liquor entrepreneurs do not mind to pay the liquor tax is charged to most consumers.
Not only drug that makes people just lost to a vicious cycle. One step before a person familiar with drugs, they usually first anesthetized in a trap alcohol. The word alcohol is often used to name organic compounds consisting of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Of all types of alcohol, the best known is methyl alcohol or alcohol derived from grain, and ethyl alcohol liquor that is derived from grapes.
However, there are some benefits of alcohol as its usefulness as a germ killer agents or disinfectant, an antidote for methanol poisoning, or high fever relief. However, it no doubt impression Wordpress harm than drinking alcohol goes beyond kindness. Many studies say that consumed higher amounts of alcohol is safe though, will reduce the efficiency of work. Dr. Irwin H. Neff, head of alcoholic hospital in Norfolk, Massachusetts declared that the people who consume alcohol in a safe tend to be more susceptible to disease than those organs are often drunk. In addition, the general sensitivity of the nerves and muscles of each individual will experience a decrease, the visibility and coordination of the muscles of the eye and arm motor will also decrease.
Main potion of alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Ethanol is a type of chemical that attempts to suppress brain activity, just change the authority of reasonable mind. The use of alcohol for a long period can cause an impression collection of spiritual and physical aspects.
After drinking, alcohol may be absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach. However, the main road alcohol into the blood through the small intestine, and then taken to heart the blood alcohol is then spread throughout the body earlier. As stated, the main effect of alcohol is in the brain. Here, alcohol causes people to experience a crisis themselves and can also have an impact in terms of learning. Apart from the effect on the brain, alcohol affects the body systems and organs. For example, the impact on the circulatory system causes more blood flow to the skin, causing skin drinkers become reddish. heart rate also increases fast and strong like he was doing sports. Alcohol also menyebabkab gastritis. Alcoholics usually frequent urination because ethanol collapsible retaining menggagu urinary hormone.
Dangers of alcohol are also highly visible on chronic alcoholics (alcoholic). The use of alcohol in the long run can lead to complications fizikal, psychological, and social. Aside from ulser stomach, alcohol can also cause cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol drinkers also may have anemia, hypoglycemia (lack of sugar in the blood, and vitamin deficiency). The muscles, skeletal and heart also degenerate in the long-term period.
Nerve damage can cause various types of diseases such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and damage to brain cells, which then lead to psychiatric complications. Drinkers often experience auditory hallucinations, amnesia, paranoia, depression, and suicidal tendencies.
Look at the various crime news on television. Many crimes originated from someone who was under the influence of alcohol. Not only that, alcohol is often associated with traffic accidents. As many as 60 percent when driving deaths using alcohol. Around 30,000 people killed each year due to various types of accidents related to vehicles that destroy the hard bermotor.Minuman self-control is the main cause of the emergence of social disorder, such as an alcohol easily tempted to do bad actions that he can usually avoid. A doctor reported that a thousand cases which he handled, 80 percent related to sexually transmitted disease acquired through sexual contact person when alcohol affected. Alcohol exacerbate diseases caused by sexual intercourse free.
Some countries are aware of the negative impact of alcohol, banned the use of alcohol as alcohol. However, many new products and technologies are more advanced, constantly being created. Liquor entrepreneurs do not mind to pay the liquor tax is charged to most consumers.
Not only drug that makes people just lost to a vicious cycle. One step before a person familiar with drugs, they usually first anesthetized in a trap alcohol. The word alcohol is often used to name organic compounds consisting of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Of all types of alcohol, the best known is methyl alcohol or alcohol derived from grain, and ethyl alcohol liquor that is derived from grapes.
However, there are some benefits of alcohol as its usefulness as a germ killer agents or disinfectant, an antidote for methanol poisoning, or high fever relief. However, it no doubt impression Wordpress harm than drinking alcohol goes beyond kindness. Many studies say that consumed higher amounts of alcohol is safe though, will reduce the efficiency of work. Dr. Irwin H. Neff, head of alcoholic hospital in Norfolk, Massachusetts declared that the people who consume alcohol in a safe tend to be more susceptible to disease than those organs are often drunk. In addition, the general sensitivity of the nerves and muscles of each individual will experience a decrease, the visibility and coordination of the muscles of the eye and arm motor will also decrease.
Main potion of alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Ethanol is a type of chemical that attempts to suppress brain activity, just change the authority of reasonable mind. The use of alcohol for a long period can cause an impression collection of spiritual and physical aspects.
After drinking, alcohol may be absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach. However, the main road alcohol into the blood through the small intestine, and then taken to heart the blood alcohol is then spread throughout the body earlier. As stated, the main effect of alcohol is in the brain. Here, alcohol causes people to experience a crisis themselves and can also have an impact in terms of learning. Apart from the effect on the brain, alcohol affects the body systems and organs. For example, the impact on the circulatory system causes more blood flow to the skin, causing skin drinkers become reddish. heart rate also increases fast and strong like he was doing sports. Alcohol also menyebabkab gastritis. Alcoholics usually frequent urination because ethanol collapsible retaining menggagu urinary hormone.
Dangers of alcohol are also highly visible on chronic alcoholics (alcoholic). The use of alcohol in the long run can lead to complications fizikal, psychological, and social. Aside from ulser stomach, alcohol can also cause cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol drinkers also may have anemia, hypoglycemia (lack of sugar in the blood, and vitamin deficiency). The muscles, skeletal and heart also degenerate in the long-term period.
Nerve damage can cause various types of diseases such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and damage to brain cells, which then lead to psychiatric complications. Drinkers often experience auditory hallucinations, amnesia, paranoia, depression, and suicidal tendencies.
Look at the various crime news on television. Many crimes originated from someone who was under the influence of alcohol. Not only that, alcohol is often associated with traffic accidents. As many as 60 percent when driving deaths using alcohol. Around 30,000 people killed each year due to various types of accidents related to vehicles that destroy the hard bermotor.Minuman self-control is the main cause of the emergence of social disorder, such as an alcohol easily tempted to do bad actions that he can usually avoid. A doctor reported that a thousand cases which he handled, 80 percent related to sexually transmitted disease acquired through sexual contact person when alcohol affected. Alcohol exacerbate diseases caused by sexual intercourse free.
Friday, 13 November 2009
Alcohol and Women
Alcohol and Women
Alcohol Alert From NIAAA
Much of our knowledge of alcoholism has been gathered from studies conducted with a predominance of male subjects. Recent studies involving more female subjects reveal that drinking differs between men and women. Studies in the general population indicate that fewer women than men drink. It is estimated that of the 15.1 million alcohol-abusing or alcohol-dependent individuals in the United States, approximately 4.6 million (nearly one-third) are women (1).
On the whole, women who drink consume less alcohol and have fewer alcohol-related problems and dependence symptoms than men (2,3), yet among the heaviest drinkers, women equal or surpass men in the number of problems that result from their drinking (3).
Drinking behavior differs with the age, life role, and marital status of women. In general, a woman's drinking resembles that of her husband, siblings, or close friends (3). Whereas younger women (aged 18-34) report higher rates of drinking-related problems than do older women (3,4), the incidence of alcohol dependence is greater among middle-aged women (aged 35-49) (5).
Contrary to popular belief, women who have multiple roles (e.g., married women who work outside the home) may have lower rates of alcohol problems than women who do not have multiple roles (6). In fact, role deprivation (e.g., loss of role as wife, mother, or worker) may increase a woman's risk for abusing alcohol (7).
Women who have never married or who are divorced or separated are more likely to drink heavily and experience alcohol-related problems than women who are married or widowed. Unmarried women living with a partner are more likely still to engage in heavy drinking and to develop drinking problems.
Environmental Factors
Heath and colleagues (8) studied drinking behavior among a select sample of female twins to identify possible environmental factors that may modulate drinking behavior. They reported that, among women, marital status appears to modify the effects of genetic factors that influence drinking habits. Marriage or a marriage-like relationship lessens the effect of an inherited liability for drinking.
Several researchers have explored whether drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems vary among women of different racial or ethnic groups. Black women (46 percent) are more likely to abstain from alcohol than white women (34 percent) (9,10). Further, although it is commonly assumed that a larger proportion of black women drink heavily, researchers have disproved this assumption:
Equal proportions of black and white women drink heavily (3,9). Black women report fewer alcohol-related personal and social problems than white women, yet a greater proportion of black women experience alcohol-related health problems (11).
Data from self-report surveys suggest that Hispanic women are infrequent drinkers or abstainers (12,13), but this may change as they enter new social and work arenas. Gilbert (14) found that reports of abstention are greater among Hispanic women who have immigrated to the United States; reports of moderate or heavy drinking are greater among younger, American-born Hispanic women.
Greater Physiological Impairment
The interval between onset of drinking-related problems and entry into treatment appears to be shorter for women than for men (15,16). Moreover, studies of women alcoholics in treatment suggest that they often experience greater physiological impairment earlier in their drinking careers, despite having consumed less alcohol than men (17,18). These findings suggest that the development of consequences associated with heavy drinking may be accelerated or "telescoped" in women.
In addition to these many psych osocial and epidemiological differences, the sexes also experience different physiological effects of alcohol. Women become intoxicated after drinking smaller quantities of alcohol than are needed to produce intoxication in men (19). Three possible mechanisms may explain this response.
First, women have lower total body water content than men of comparable size. After alcohol is consumed, it diffuses uniformly into all body water, both inside and outside cells. Because of their smaller quantity of body water, women achieve higher concentrations of alcohol in their blood than men after drinking equivalent amounts of alcohol. More simply, blood alcohol concentration in women may be likened to the result of dropping the same quantity of alcohol into a smaller pail of water.
Second, diminished activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol) in the stomach also may contribute to the gender-related differences in blood alcohol concentrations and a woman's heightened vulnerability to the physiological consequences of drinking. Julkunen and colleagues (20) demonstrated in rats that a substantial amount of alcohol is metabolized by gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach before it enters the systemic circulation.
Chronic Alcohol Abuse
This "first-pass metabolism" of alcohol decreases the availability of alcohol to the system. Frezza and colleagues (21) reported that, because of diminished activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase, first-pass metabolism was decreased in women compared with men and was virtually nonexistent in alcoholic women.
Third, fluctuations in gonadal hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may affect the rate of alcohol metabolism, making a woman more susceptible to elevated blood alcohol concentrations at different points in the cycle. Research findings to date, however, have been inconsistent (22,23,24).
Chronic alcohol abuse exacts a greater physical toll on women than on men. Female alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than those of male alcoholics. Further, a greater percentage of female alcoholics die from suicides, alcohol-related accidents, circulatory disorders, and cirrhosis of the liver (25).
Increasing evidence suggests that the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver are more severe for women than for men. Women develop alcoholic liver disease, particularly alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis, after a comparatively shorter period of heavy drinking and at a lower level of daily drinking than men (26,27). Proportionately more alcoholic women die from cirrhosis than do alcoholic men (28).
Heightened Vulnerability
The exact mechanisms that underlie women's heightened vulnerability to alcohol-induced liver damage are unclear. Differences in body weight and fluid content between men and women may be contributing factors (29). In addition, Johnson and Williams (30) suggested that the combined effect of estrogens and alcohol may augment liver damage. Finally, alcoholic women may be more susceptible to liver damage because of the diminished activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in first-pass metabolism (21).
Drinking also may be associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. After reviewing epidemiological data on alcohol consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, Longnecker and colleagues (31) reported that risk increases when a woman consumes 1 ounce or more of absolute alcohol daily. Increased risk appears to be related directly to the effects of alcohol (32).
Moreover, risk for breast cancer and lower levels of alcohol consumption are weakly associated. Data from other studies (33), however, do not concur with these findings, suggesting that more research is needed to explore the relationship between drinking and breast cancer.
Menstrual disorders (e.g., painful menstruation, heavy flow, premenstrual discomfort, and irregular or absent cycles) have been associated with chronic heavy drinking (34,35). These disorders can have adverse effects on fertility (36). Further, continued drinking may lead to early menopause (37,38).
Barriers to Treatment
Animal studies have provided data that replicate the findings of studies in humans to determine the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on female reproductive function. Studies in rodents and monkeys demonstrated that prolonged alcohol exposure disrupts estrus regularity and increases the incidence of ovulatory failure (39,40,41).
Researchers have begun to examine whether women and men require distinct treatment approaches. It has been suggested that women alcoholics may encounter different conditions that facilitate or discourage their entry into treatment.
Women represent 25.4 percent of alcoholism clients in traditional treatment centers in the United States (42). Although it appears that they comprise a small proportion of the treatment population (25 percent women compared with 75 percent men), the proportion of female alcoholics to male alcoholics in treatment is similar to the proportion of all female alcoholics to male alcoholics (30 percent women to 70 percent men).
In addition, women drinkers pursue avenues other than traditional alcoholism programs, such as psychiatric services or personal physicians, for treatment (43).
Treatment Outcomes
Women alcoholics may encounter motivators and barriers to seeking treatment that differ from those encountered by men. Women are more likely to seek treatment because of family problems (44), and they often are encouraged by parents or children to pursue therapy. Men usually are encouraged to pursue therapy by their wives.
Fewer women than men reach treatment through the criminal justice system or through employee assistance programs (45). Lack of child care is one of the most frequently reported barriers to treatment for alcoholic women (46).
Sokolow and colleagues (47) attempted to compare treatment outcome between men and women and reported that, among those who completed treatment, abstinence was slightly higher among women than among men. Women had a higher abstinence rate if treated in a medically oriented alcoholism facility, whereas the abstinence rate was higher for men treated in a peer group-oriented facility.
Treatment outcome was better for women treated in a facility with a smaller proportion of female clients and better for men in a facility with a larger proportion of female clients. This study provided preliminary data on gender-specific treatment outcome; however, the trials were not controlled. Although the question of whether women should have separate treatment opportunities is an important one, the supporting evidence still has not been found.
Alcohol Alert From NIAAA
Much of our knowledge of alcoholism has been gathered from studies conducted with a predominance of male subjects. Recent studies involving more female subjects reveal that drinking differs between men and women. Studies in the general population indicate that fewer women than men drink. It is estimated that of the 15.1 million alcohol-abusing or alcohol-dependent individuals in the United States, approximately 4.6 million (nearly one-third) are women (1).
On the whole, women who drink consume less alcohol and have fewer alcohol-related problems and dependence symptoms than men (2,3), yet among the heaviest drinkers, women equal or surpass men in the number of problems that result from their drinking (3).
Drinking behavior differs with the age, life role, and marital status of women. In general, a woman's drinking resembles that of her husband, siblings, or close friends (3). Whereas younger women (aged 18-34) report higher rates of drinking-related problems than do older women (3,4), the incidence of alcohol dependence is greater among middle-aged women (aged 35-49) (5).
Contrary to popular belief, women who have multiple roles (e.g., married women who work outside the home) may have lower rates of alcohol problems than women who do not have multiple roles (6). In fact, role deprivation (e.g., loss of role as wife, mother, or worker) may increase a woman's risk for abusing alcohol (7).
Women who have never married or who are divorced or separated are more likely to drink heavily and experience alcohol-related problems than women who are married or widowed. Unmarried women living with a partner are more likely still to engage in heavy drinking and to develop drinking problems.
Environmental Factors
Heath and colleagues (8) studied drinking behavior among a select sample of female twins to identify possible environmental factors that may modulate drinking behavior. They reported that, among women, marital status appears to modify the effects of genetic factors that influence drinking habits. Marriage or a marriage-like relationship lessens the effect of an inherited liability for drinking.
Several researchers have explored whether drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems vary among women of different racial or ethnic groups. Black women (46 percent) are more likely to abstain from alcohol than white women (34 percent) (9,10). Further, although it is commonly assumed that a larger proportion of black women drink heavily, researchers have disproved this assumption:
Equal proportions of black and white women drink heavily (3,9). Black women report fewer alcohol-related personal and social problems than white women, yet a greater proportion of black women experience alcohol-related health problems (11).
Data from self-report surveys suggest that Hispanic women are infrequent drinkers or abstainers (12,13), but this may change as they enter new social and work arenas. Gilbert (14) found that reports of abstention are greater among Hispanic women who have immigrated to the United States; reports of moderate or heavy drinking are greater among younger, American-born Hispanic women.
Greater Physiological Impairment
The interval between onset of drinking-related problems and entry into treatment appears to be shorter for women than for men (15,16). Moreover, studies of women alcoholics in treatment suggest that they often experience greater physiological impairment earlier in their drinking careers, despite having consumed less alcohol than men (17,18). These findings suggest that the development of consequences associated with heavy drinking may be accelerated or "telescoped" in women.
In addition to these many psych osocial and epidemiological differences, the sexes also experience different physiological effects of alcohol. Women become intoxicated after drinking smaller quantities of alcohol than are needed to produce intoxication in men (19). Three possible mechanisms may explain this response.
First, women have lower total body water content than men of comparable size. After alcohol is consumed, it diffuses uniformly into all body water, both inside and outside cells. Because of their smaller quantity of body water, women achieve higher concentrations of alcohol in their blood than men after drinking equivalent amounts of alcohol. More simply, blood alcohol concentration in women may be likened to the result of dropping the same quantity of alcohol into a smaller pail of water.
Second, diminished activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (the primary enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohol) in the stomach also may contribute to the gender-related differences in blood alcohol concentrations and a woman's heightened vulnerability to the physiological consequences of drinking. Julkunen and colleagues (20) demonstrated in rats that a substantial amount of alcohol is metabolized by gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach before it enters the systemic circulation.
Chronic Alcohol Abuse
This "first-pass metabolism" of alcohol decreases the availability of alcohol to the system. Frezza and colleagues (21) reported that, because of diminished activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase, first-pass metabolism was decreased in women compared with men and was virtually nonexistent in alcoholic women.
Third, fluctuations in gonadal hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may affect the rate of alcohol metabolism, making a woman more susceptible to elevated blood alcohol concentrations at different points in the cycle. Research findings to date, however, have been inconsistent (22,23,24).
Chronic alcohol abuse exacts a greater physical toll on women than on men. Female alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than those of male alcoholics. Further, a greater percentage of female alcoholics die from suicides, alcohol-related accidents, circulatory disorders, and cirrhosis of the liver (25).
Increasing evidence suggests that the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver are more severe for women than for men. Women develop alcoholic liver disease, particularly alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatitis, after a comparatively shorter period of heavy drinking and at a lower level of daily drinking than men (26,27). Proportionately more alcoholic women die from cirrhosis than do alcoholic men (28).
Heightened Vulnerability
The exact mechanisms that underlie women's heightened vulnerability to alcohol-induced liver damage are unclear. Differences in body weight and fluid content between men and women may be contributing factors (29). In addition, Johnson and Williams (30) suggested that the combined effect of estrogens and alcohol may augment liver damage. Finally, alcoholic women may be more susceptible to liver damage because of the diminished activity of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in first-pass metabolism (21).
Drinking also may be associated with an increased risk for breast cancer. After reviewing epidemiological data on alcohol consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, Longnecker and colleagues (31) reported that risk increases when a woman consumes 1 ounce or more of absolute alcohol daily. Increased risk appears to be related directly to the effects of alcohol (32).
Moreover, risk for breast cancer and lower levels of alcohol consumption are weakly associated. Data from other studies (33), however, do not concur with these findings, suggesting that more research is needed to explore the relationship between drinking and breast cancer.
Menstrual disorders (e.g., painful menstruation, heavy flow, premenstrual discomfort, and irregular or absent cycles) have been associated with chronic heavy drinking (34,35). These disorders can have adverse effects on fertility (36). Further, continued drinking may lead to early menopause (37,38).
Barriers to Treatment
Animal studies have provided data that replicate the findings of studies in humans to determine the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on female reproductive function. Studies in rodents and monkeys demonstrated that prolonged alcohol exposure disrupts estrus regularity and increases the incidence of ovulatory failure (39,40,41).
Researchers have begun to examine whether women and men require distinct treatment approaches. It has been suggested that women alcoholics may encounter different conditions that facilitate or discourage their entry into treatment.
Women represent 25.4 percent of alcoholism clients in traditional treatment centers in the United States (42). Although it appears that they comprise a small proportion of the treatment population (25 percent women compared with 75 percent men), the proportion of female alcoholics to male alcoholics in treatment is similar to the proportion of all female alcoholics to male alcoholics (30 percent women to 70 percent men).
In addition, women drinkers pursue avenues other than traditional alcoholism programs, such as psychiatric services or personal physicians, for treatment (43).
Treatment Outcomes
Women alcoholics may encounter motivators and barriers to seeking treatment that differ from those encountered by men. Women are more likely to seek treatment because of family problems (44), and they often are encouraged by parents or children to pursue therapy. Men usually are encouraged to pursue therapy by their wives.
Fewer women than men reach treatment through the criminal justice system or through employee assistance programs (45). Lack of child care is one of the most frequently reported barriers to treatment for alcoholic women (46).
Sokolow and colleagues (47) attempted to compare treatment outcome between men and women and reported that, among those who completed treatment, abstinence was slightly higher among women than among men. Women had a higher abstinence rate if treated in a medically oriented alcoholism facility, whereas the abstinence rate was higher for men treated in a peer group-oriented facility.
Treatment outcome was better for women treated in a facility with a smaller proportion of female clients and better for men in a facility with a larger proportion of female clients. This study provided preliminary data on gender-specific treatment outcome; however, the trials were not controlled. Although the question of whether women should have separate treatment opportunities is an important one, the supporting evidence still has not been found.
Thursday, 12 November 2009
Babies suffering because of alcohol
More than 50% of German women drink alcohol during their pregnancy. As a result, each year more than 10,000 babies suffering from birth defects due to the mother liquor consumption
Sabine says Bätzing, German government officials who deal with drug problems. Of that amount, about 4,000 babies suffering from disorders with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome). This congenital disease severe impact on the mental, physical and psychiatric sufferer.
Based on the research Charité Clinic in Berlin, Germany 58% of women questioned said they enjoy their drink while pregnant. This is dangerous, given any minimum level of drinking alcohol pregnant women can damage the unborn baby.
"There is no safe lower limit for alcohol consumption during pregnancy," he said in a warning Bätzing "alkoholgeschädigten Tag des Kindes" (day of disabled children from alcoholic beverages).
Bätzing emphasized the need to stop completely drinking during pregnancy because the fetus does not have sufficient ability in describing alcohol. According to him, due to syndrome of alcoholic beverages consumed by the mother is the type most common defects suffered by newborns. This figure is twice as much than Down syndrome.
Approximately 80% of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome have experienced a lifetime treatment and can not live independently
Tuesday, 10 November 2009
4% of World Citizens Died Due to Alcohol
Alcohol is considered as the cause of death of four percent of the world. A study conducted Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) expressing one of 25 people died of consuming alcohol.
According to CAMH spokesperson, Dr. Jurgen Rehm, consumption of alcoholic beverages in some parts of the world is increasing. Countries that experienced an increase in alcohol consumption among them, China and India.
In Europe, continued Rehm, Alcohol and even caused one of 10 people died.
"Today, we know much more effective strategies to control alcohol consumption in the world," Rehm said, as quoted from the Times of India, on Monday (29/6/2009).
Alcohol is associated with organ disorders. Most health problems experienced by men, the group who ate the most alcohol.
According to Rehm, most people who consume alcoholic beverages will be easily attacked by diseases such as heart or cancer.
"Overall, the effect of alcohol as a cause of death is not far different from cigarettes in the year 2000 was the cause of death in developing countries," said Rehm
According to CAMH spokesperson, Dr. Jurgen Rehm, consumption of alcoholic beverages in some parts of the world is increasing. Countries that experienced an increase in alcohol consumption among them, China and India.
In Europe, continued Rehm, Alcohol and even caused one of 10 people died.
"Today, we know much more effective strategies to control alcohol consumption in the world," Rehm said, as quoted from the Times of India, on Monday (29/6/2009).
Alcohol is associated with organ disorders. Most health problems experienced by men, the group who ate the most alcohol.
According to Rehm, most people who consume alcoholic beverages will be easily attacked by diseases such as heart or cancer.
"Overall, the effect of alcohol as a cause of death is not far different from cigarettes in the year 2000 was the cause of death in developing countries," said Rehm
For Fetal Alcohol Danger
The gestation period is a vulnerable period. It has become common warning pregnant women are forbidden to drink alcohol.
The ban on alcohol is set in stone, no tolerance limits. Because, if the candidate desperate mother, the fetus in the womb who will bear the danger.
Alcohol danger to the fetus can result in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, which can cause miscarriage, premature delivery, infant birth complications, low birth weigh babies, babies born with small heads (mikrosefali), mental retardation, disorders of the heart and other organs, physical disturbance and behaviors that will affect the growth of children throughout his life.
In addition to consuming alcohol is forbidden in the form of liquor or wine, the prospective mother should also be wary of alcohol content in drugs. Generally, medications containing alcohol content of about 5%. If taken for several consecutive days, fear alcohol will accumulate in the body. To be safe, try to consult with your doctor to find out what drugs safe to eat during pregnancy.
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